Table 3: Ballot Stuffing and Fraud in the 1922 Presidential Election
Department
Total
votes
Votes for Pedro
Nel Ospina
(Conservative)
Votes for
Benjamin
Herrera
(Liberal)
Ospina-
Herrera
Stuffed
Ballots
Stuffed Ballots/
Total Votes
Total
Population,
1918
Antioquia 76,420 47,987 28,403 19,584 11,658 0.15 821027
Arauca 425 146 278 -132 10 0.02 6070
Atlantico 9,905 4,840 5,064 -224 1,488 0.15 117915
Bolivar 49,548 33,650 15,888 17,762 29,207 0.59 416561
Boyaca 83,764 61,977 21,747 40,230 39,688 0.47 590587
Caldas 50,186 28,610 21,566 7,044 7,104 0.14 419697
Caqueta 363 270 93 177 124 0.34 2957
Casanare 68 10 58 -48 1 0.02 1382
Cauca 23,024 13,644 9,367 4,277 8,416 0.37 238071
Choco 7,214 3,467 3,746 -279 2,649 0.37 61371
Cundinamarca 117,471 76,634 40,723 35,911 48,517 0.41 800439
Guajira 1,460 1,063 397 666 1,407 0.96 2908
Huila 13,864 8,830 4,997 3,833 2,513 0.18 181202
Magdalena 18,577 11,657 6,918 4,739 7,465 0.40 186254
Meta 2,477 1,255 1,221 34 808 0.33 10695
Narino 29,843 23,880 5,959 17,921 4,237 0.14 327367
Norte de Santander 35,705 26,894 8,804 18,090 17,449 0.49 222552
Putumayo 850 660 190 470 414 0.49 5009
San Andres y Providencia 566 465 100 365 0 0.00 5953
Santander 55,492 37,784 17,699 20,085 23,926 0.43 439161
Tolima 39,083 19,019 20,057 -1,038 18,485 0.47 320084
Valle 35,547 17,284 18,249 -965 4,440 0.12 266371
TOTAL 651,852 420,026 231,524 188,502 230,007 0.35 5443633
Source: Chaves, Fergusson and Robinson (2015).
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